2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates

2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates – Do Your Best To Solve All These Questions As You Prepare For WASSCE

The 2022 Biology Questions cover examinable areas for this year’s WASSCE for School Candidates. Candidates are challenged to attempt all the questions provided here. Answers have been provided for all the questions shared here. Note that they are likely examination questions and not leaked questions.

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2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates

QUESTION 1: 2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates

. (a) Explain briefly the importance of the following factor and organisms in the
nitrogen cycle: (i) lightning; [3 marks]
(ii) Nitrosomonas; [2 marks]
(iii) Azotobacter. [2 marks]

(b) Name the excretory organ in:
(i) insects: [1 mark]
(ii) earthworm. [1 mark]

(c) Explain briefly the following diseases:
(i) hepatitis; [4 marks]
(ii) kidney stones. [4 marks]

(d) (i) State three effects of lack of sense receptors in the skin to humans.
[3 marks] (ii) List three layers of the epidermis in the skin of humans. [3 marks]
(e) (i) What is metamorphosis? [2 marks]
(ii) State the type of metamorphosis exhibited by each of the following insects listed in the table below.

Suggested Answers to QUESTION 1.

(a)Importance of the following in the Nitrogen Cycle
(i) Lightning
ii Nitrosomonas
– Is a nitrifying bacterium in the soil;
– that converts ammonia to nitrites in the soil.
iii Azotobacter
– Is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium in the soil;
– that converts nitrogen in the soil;
– into ammonium compounds/amino compounds and protein in the soil;
– converts nitrites to nitrates in the soil.

(b)Excretory organs
Insects – malpighian tubules;
Earthworm – nephridium
Note: Spellings must be correct to score.

(c) Explanation of diseases
(i)Hepatitis
– Is the inflammation/destruction of liver cells;
– hepatitis can arise from bacteria/virus/an autoimmune disease;
– or from excess consumption of alcohol.
– the symptoms include fatigue;
– loss of appetite/anorexia;
– muscle aches/pains;
– flu;
– fever;
– nausea;
– jaundice;
– and dark coloured urine/stool.
(ii) Kidney stones
– Are small solids/crystals of concentrated minerals/uric acid found in the urine;
– they are formed if there is an excessive loss of water/insufficient water intake;
– so that the solubility of minerals/calcium phosphate/calcium oxalate in the urine is reduced;
– high levels of uric acids/amino acids can lead to kidney stones;
– bacteria may be trapped in the kidney tubules as the kidney stones get bigger;
– symptoms are sharp pain at the flank of back;
– frequent urination;
– nausea;
– sweating;
– kidney stones can be treated by medications;
– change in diet of food rich in calcium;
– surgery;
– drinking plenty of water.

(d) (i) Explanation of diseases
– Humans will not be able to sense/feel/perceive external stimuli in the environment;
– pain;
– touch;
– a change in temperature;
– pressure;
– danger which could lead to death.
(ii)Layers of the epidermis
– cornified layer/stratum corneum;
– granular layer/stratum granulosum;
– malpighian layer/stratum Malpighi.
Note: Spellings must be correct to score.

(d) (ii)Metamorphosis
Is the development of some/certain organisms from the egg; to an adult stage; involving three to four stages.
(ii)Type of metamorphosis of listed insects

QUESTION 2

Use the information below to answer questions 4(a)(i) and 4(a)(ii).
_HbA represents normal haemoglobin,
_HbS represents sickled haemoglobin.
(a) A female heterozygote for sickle cell married a sickler. With the aid of a genetic diagram, determine the:
(i) possible genotypes of their offspring; [8 marks]
(ii) phenotypic ratio of the offspring. [2 marks]
(b) Explain briefly the reason why a Rhesus negative woman married to a Rhesus positive man might lose her second pregnancy.
[5 marks] (c) Name two examples of features in animals that support the theory of use and disuse of body parts as used by Lamarck.
[2 marks] (d) List three structures in mammals that are vestigial. [3 marks]

2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates

SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO QUESTION 2

4(a) i Genetic diagram

Note: Punnett square should be accepted;
Gametes must be circled and spread apart to score;
If the crossing is wrong the F1 generation does not score;
If cross sign (X) is absent, no score.

ii Phenotypic ratio
2:2 or 1:1/Ratio of sickler to non-sicklers.

b Reasons why a rhesus negative woman married to a rhesus positive man might lose her second pregnancy
– Rhesus negative mother has no antigen on the surface of her Red Blood Cells/RBC;
– the husband has antigen on his RBC;
– during her first pregnancy, the child carries positive Rhesus factor;
– the Rhesus factor enters the mother’s blood stream;
– due to rupture of the placenta, blood seeps into the mother’s blood;
– causing it to develop anti-Rhesus antibodies;
– causing agglutination in small proportion of foetal blood cells;
– in the second pregnancy, the child might be Rhesus positive;
– the child carrying Rhesus positive suffers massive destruction of red blood cells/erythroblastosis fetalis;
– which might result into miscarriage of the second child.

c Examples of features in animals that support the theory of use and disuse of body parts as used by Lamarck
– long neck in Giraffe;
– smaller wings in Penguins;
– lost legs of snakes;
– long legs of Heron;
– webbed feet of ducks/frogs/geese.

d Vestigial organs in mammals
– appendix in humans;
– pelvic and leg bones in whale;
– reduced coccyx in man/caudal vertebrae;
– pyramidalis nasi (extrinsic) muscle/muscles of the forehead;
– posterior auricular muscles to move the ear/pinna;
– erector muscle;
– nipples in males;
– sinuses;
– tonsils;
– wisdom teeth;
– hairs on the chest.

QUESTION 3

a)(i) Complete the table below with the respiratory surface of each of the listed organisms.

[6 marks]

(ii) State five characteristic features of respiratory surfaces in organisms. [5 marks]

(b) Make a drawing, 4 cm – 6 cm long of the respiratory organ in Tilapia and label fully. [9 marks]

SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO QUESTION 3

.(a)(i) Table

Note: Spellings must be correct to score.

(ii) Characteristic Features of respiratory surfaces
– Large surface area;
– Thin-walled/thin body surface;
– Moist surface;
– Well-ventilated surface;
– Permeable surface;
– Highly vascularised/network of capillaries present.

(b) Diagram of respiratory organ/gill of Tilapia

Title (TL)
Quality (Q)
Clarity of lines (CL)
Size (SZ) (4 cm to 6 cm)
Neatness of labels (NL)
Details (D)
Comma shaped gill (CG)
Gill filaments shown (GF)
Gill arch/bar shown (GA)

Labels (L) Gill raker, gill filament, gill arch/gill bar, gill lamella

QUESTION 4

The table below shows the percentage composition of fat and protein in six different meat types. Study it and answer questions 2(a) to 2(d).

a (i) Which two of the meat types may be recommended for an obese patient? [2 marks]
(ii)State one reason for the answer in 2(a)(i). [1 mark]

(b)(i) Which two of the meat types would provide the most energy?[2 marks]
(ii) State two reasons for the answer in 2(b)(i). [2 marks]

(c) (i) Which three of the meat types could be recommended for a child suffering from kwashiorkor? [3 marks]
(ii) State one reason for the answer in 2(c)(i) [1 mark]

(d) Which of the meat types would most likely be suitable for:
(i) an active teenager; [1 mark]
(ii) a 70-year old human? [1 mark]

(e) Which other class of food provides energy? [1 mark]

(f) State three uses of fat in the human body. [3 marks]

(g) Describe briefly the procedure for testing for fat in a meat sample using a piece of white paper. [3 marks]

2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates

SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO QUESTION 4

(a)(i)Meat type that may be recommended for an obese patient
A; D.
(ii)Reason for meat types
Meat types A and D have lower fat content compared to the other meat types.

b (i)Meat type that would provide most energy
B; C.
(ii)Reason
They have the highest fat composition/content; when oxidised would release much energy.

c (i)Meat type that may be recommended for a child suffering from kwashiorkor
A, C, D and E.
(ii) Reason
A child suffering from kwashiorkor is deficient in/lacks adequate amount of protein; needs more protein; and meat types A, C, D and E have high protein contents.

d (i)Meat type that may be recommended for a child suffering from kwashiorkor
A; B; C; D; E; F/all meat types.
(ii) Meat type most suitable for a 70-year old human
A; D

(e)Other class of food that provides energy
Carbohydrate

(f)Uses of fat in the human body
– provides insulation;
– generates heat;
– provides energy;
– protects vital organs;
– forms part of the cell membrane/formation of phospholipids;
– smoothens the skin;
– forms solvent for some fat soluble vitamins/vitamin A,D,E,K.

(g)Procedure of testing for fat in a meat sample using white paper
– The meat sample is rubbed against piece of (white) paper;
– and allowed to dry;
– a translucent spot on the paper;
– confirms the presence of fat in the meat sample.

QUESTIONS 5

(a) Classify the following biological associations under the headings in the table below:
(i) Remora and shark;
(ii) Lichen;
(iii) Cattle and white Egret;
(iv) Tapeworm in the gut of humans;
(v) Flowers and Honeybees;
(vi)Mistletoe and Cacao plant.

[6 marks]

(b) (i) State three adaptive features of parasites. [6 marks]
(ii) State two effects of parasites on their hosts. [2 marks]
(c) (i) What are saprophytes? [2 marks]
(ii) Give four examples of saprophytes. [4 marks]

2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates

ANSWERS TO QUESTION 5

(a) Table

2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates
b (i) Adaptive features of parasites
– possession of specialised organs/haustoria/suckers/hooks; for attachment to the surface of the body of the host;
– specialised piercing/sucking mouthparts; for sucking fluids/blood/plant juices;
– hermaphrodite/ability to reproduce rapidly/easily in large numbers/large quantity of eggs are produced; to propagate their lineage/species;
– large surface area; for absorption of digested food;
– possession of special features/structures/cuticle; to withstand harsh environment/conditions/being digested.
Note: Structure ×1 mark
Function x1 mark
Function alone does not score.

(ii) Effects of parasites on their host
Absorption of nutrients from the body of the host can:
– lead to stunted growth;
– lead to low resistance to diseases in the host;
– lead to loss of blood;
– lead to loss of weight;
– lead to septicaemia;
– cause diseases/injuries/harm;
– lead to death;
– de-value the worth of animal skin/hides/ reduce the value of farm animals.

(ci) Saprophytes
are organisms that feed; on dead/decaying/decomposing organic matter.

(di) Examples of saprophytes
Fungi/ Bacteria/
– Mushroom; – Azotobacter;
– Rhizopus; – Clostridium;
– Mucor; – Streptomycetes;
– Toadstool;
– Mold/mould;
– Penicillium;
– Saccharomyces;
– Aspergillus;
– Yeast.

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Note:1. Spellings must be correct to score;
2. Mention of Fungi and Bacteria scores 1 mark each;
3. Where candidates mention other examples with Fungi and Bacteria, examples should be scored;
4. Candidates should not score for correctly named example of fungi and bacteria again, if scores had been awarded in 2.

We hope these 2022 WASSCE Biology sample questions with answers for candidates have been useful.

Source: Ghana Education News